资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
错过语言关键期 英语就学不好了?******
羊城晚报记者 何宁
在孩子的学前教育阶段,很多家长最关心的是孩子的英语启蒙。不少家长为了抓住孩子的语言敏感期,从刚出生不久就给孩子听英语磨耳朵;孩子稍大一点,就报各种英语早教班、启蒙班等。但是不少小学生家长发现,学前的英语学习似乎是徒劳的,孩子以前会的单词和句子,到了小学全忘光了。对于明年9月入读一年级的准小学生来说,英语学科该如何做好衔接呢?
英语学习要循序渐进打牢基础
“孩子语言的学习确实有‘关键期’或‘窗口期’,但这个时间跨度很长,是3—9岁,幼儿英语启蒙可以抓,但家长们不要过度焦虑,如果没有掌握正确的启蒙方法,很有可能孩子到了中高年级阶段会对英语产生厌倦心理。”广东实验中学省实荔湾学校第一小学部校长易敏多年来的英语教学经验发现,兴趣是最好的老师,在培养孩子英语学习的过程中,家长要去功利主义,要保持定力、坚持长期主义。
易敏说:“从幼儿园就开始学英语的孩子其实承受了很大的压力,这些压力往往来自于家长过高的期望。我们都知道,一般英语的课外班,特别是有外教的课外班价格都不菲,很多重视孩子英语的家庭从孩子很小的时候就开始在英语启蒙上花费颇多,但是英语的学习很重要的一点是循序渐进,打牢基础,如果只是囫囵吞枣式学习,对单词的掌握不牢靠,一旦到了小学中高年级词汇量增大时,学业压力增大,有些孩子会失去对英语学习的自信、动力与兴趣。”
一年级开始学英语不会晚
谢女士的女儿现在广州一所名校读初二,英语成绩在年级一直名列前茅,在小学之前没有系统地学过英语。谢女士认为,女儿刚上小学时,英语确实在班里是落后的,很多同学因为幼儿园学过英语,有的还在双语幼儿园就读,口语和听力都遥遥领先。谢女士说:“现在回想起来,我觉得当时自己做得最正确的事情就是摆正心态,我们那个年代初中才开始学英语,但一样有很多出类拔萃的,语言学习关键看时间的付出,女儿从一年级开始学,一点都不晚。”
谢女士从培养女儿的学习习惯入手,每天督促女儿认真完成老师布置的作业。谢女士说:“小学一二年级的英语作业其实不多,也很简单,但是我要求女儿一定要把基础打扎实,课本上的对话不但要读出来,还要默写出来,而且保证每个单词都不能写错。女儿很听话,课本被她背得滚瓜烂熟,每次考试英语都能拿满分,这不仅让她养成了细心的习惯,还极大地激发了她学习英语的兴趣。到了小学高年级,她可以自主阅读简单的英语原版故事书,学习的兴趣更加浓厚。”
温馨提醒:
亲子关系、阅读兴趣比掌握单词数量重要得多
“从小学习外语,对幼儿来说更多的意义是在于学习能力的提升,而非语言能力的优势培养。在没有语境(沟通、交流的语言环境)的情况下,过早、过度、不得法地让孩子进行英语学习,反而会浪费有限的时间,甚至扼杀兴趣。”资深英语教育专家、广东金融学院国际教育学院雅思学科带头人何凌提醒家长,幼儿英语启蒙可以抓,但不要过度焦虑,3—9岁都是孩子语言学习的敏感期,小学一年级开始学习完全来得及。
何凌建议家长,为了激发孩子英语学习的兴趣,不妨利用精选过的原汁原味的英语儿歌和童谣进行针对性的语音启蒙,让孩子从小接受语音信号,培养英语的韵律感。
自身英语基础比较好的家长不妨陪着孩子进行英语绘本亲子共读,“如果家长自身英语发音比较标准,可以带着孩子一起读;发音不是太标准的话,可以借助音频。亲子共读既建立了良好的亲子关系,又培养了孩子阅读的兴趣,它比孩子掌握多少个单词远远重要得多。”
(文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎)