资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。
2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。
因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。
日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
中新时评:克服短期扰动 中国经济仍有充足动力****** 中新社北京12月28日电 题:克服短期扰动 中国经济仍有充足动力 中新社记者 王恩博 今年应对超预期因素冲击后,明年中国推动经济运行整体好转,需要强劲引擎。 世界经济拉响衰退警报,国内经济面临下行压力,支撑中国发展的动力是否仍在?从多个维度观察,均可得出肯定答案。 中国经济仍有充足动力,且发力更加聚焦。 年底举行的多场论坛、会议上,中国的官员、学者、企业家们热烈讨论着同一个问题:明年经济如何回归稳健增长轨道。某种程度上,这是一个凝聚共识的过程。各方普遍意识到,2023年是中国经济弥补疫情冲击损失的重要窗口。 这个方向也为中国决策层所明确。中央经济工作会议围绕“突出做好稳增长、稳就业、稳物价工作”进行细致部署,提出“从改善社会心理预期、提振发展信心入手”的方法论,无不折射出对稳住经济大盘的关切。 当心往一处想,劲就能往一处使。降准释放长期资金、房地产金融政策利好频传、扩大内需战略顶层设计出炉,今年末中国各领域叠加发力的政策效应明年将持续显现。根据实际需要,一些新政策、新措施也会陆续有来。存量政策、增量政策同向发力,将积极促进中国经济运行好转。 中国经济仍有充足动力,且活力将加速释放。 随着奥密克戎病毒特性变化,中国从更好统筹疫情防控和经济社会发展出发作出防疫转段决策。优化防疫二十条、新十条落地,新冠病毒感染调整为“乙类乙管”,疫情防控政策因应形势变化持续优化调整,为经济恢复创造了重要条件。 12月26日,2022年最后一个周一,北京地铁公司所辖运营线路日客运量时隔一个多月重返450万人次以上。在全国范围内,武汉、重庆等地地铁客流也明显恢复。尽管通勤早晚高峰还不似以往忙碌,但地铁客流逐步攀升,是生活回归正轨、城市恢复活力的有力注脚。 疫情仍是当前影响中国经济运行的关键变量。专家估计,优化疫情防控措施对经济运行的影响料将产生类似“J曲线效应”,即短期会对经济运行造成扰动,但全年是重大利好。随着相关政策落实,中国的人流、物流将更加顺畅,社会再生产各环节、经济社会生活各领域都有望加快恢复,重新焕发活力。 中国经济仍有充足动力,其潜力会持续兑现。 眼下,中国正布局更好统筹供给侧结构性改革和扩大内需。找准二者结合点,即是为经济增长挖潜的过程。 例如,中国迫切需要加快产业体系优化升级,这就需要加大制造业研发和技术改造的投资力度,加大新领域新赛道投入。这些投入既是当期需求,未来产生高质量供给后,又会进一步创造有效需求。中国新能源汽车产业就是典型成功案例。今年早些时候,中国汽车出口量“超车”德国跃居世界第二,背后正是新能源汽车热销海外的“加持”。 令人期待的是,中国发展轨道上还有不少这样的堵点、痛点、难点、空白点,可以大做文章。创造有利体制机制环境,施以适当政策引导,潜藏的动力就会兑现为新增长点,推动经济实现质的有效提升和量的合理增长。 这些有利因素的累积,正让中国经济前景更加清晰明确。据综合研判,明年世界经济增速可能明显下滑,而中国经济有望总体回升,形成一个独立的向上运行轨迹。 当然,经济好转不会是“天上掉馅饼”,各方必须为之付出艰苦努力。但可以确定的是,近几年疫情短期扰动,并未削弱中国经济长久动力,更不足以改变中国经济长期趋势。对此,人们应当充满信心。(完) (文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎) [责编:天天中] 阅读剩余全文() |